The legal and financial framework 法源及預算
The public library is the responsibility of local and national authorities.
It must be supported by specific legislation and financed
by national and local governments. It has to be an essential component
of any long-term strategy for culture, information provision,
literacy and education.
建立公共圖書館是地方攻府和國家的責任，公共圖書館必須受到專門立法的支持，並由國家和地方政府財政撥款資助。公共圖書館應該是所有文化、信息傳播、掃盲和教育長期戰略的基本組成部分。
2.3.3 Public lending righ
In some countries, public lending right legislation has been introduced
which provides a payment to authors and others involved in the creation
of a book, related to its provision in, and loan from, public libraries. It is
important that funds for payment of public lending right should not be
taken from libraries’ funds for the purchase of materials. However, public
lending right (PLR), if separately funded, does provide support for
authors without affecting public libraries’ budgets. In some schemes it can
also provide useful statistics on the loans of books by specific authors.
Librarians should participate in the development of public lending
right schemes to ensure they are not financed from library budgets.
2.3.3 公共借閱權
有一些國家實行公共借閱權法規，要求就公共圖書館提供和出借圖書向作者和其他參與圖書創作的人付款。我們必須強調，為公共借閱權支付的款項不應占用館藏資料採購的經費。如果公共借閱權經費與圖書館經費分開，就可以在不影響公共圖書館財務預算的前提下提供對作者的資助。在有些情況下，公共借閱權的實行甚至還可以提供有關作者圖書外借的有用的統計數據。圖書館專業人員必須參與制訂公共借閱權計畫，以確保其不占用圖書館的經費預算。
The Danish government provides funds for PLR payments to
Danish authors, translators, artists, photographers and composers
who contribute to a printed work. This is defined as
cultural support.
政府出錢買版權
丹麥政府為公共借閱權提供經費，用來支付給那些參與具體印刷作品創作的作者、翻譯者、藝術家、攝影師或作曲家等，這個規定被定義為文化支持。
2.4.3 Sources of funding
A number of sources of funding are used to finance public libraries but
the proportions of funding from each source will vary depending on
local factors in each country.
The primary sources are:
• taxation at local, regional or central level
• block grants from central, regional or local level.
Secondary sources of income may include:
• donations from funding bodies or private individuals
• revenue from commercial activities, e.g., publishing, book sales,
sale of works of art and handicrafts
• revenue from customer fees, e.g., fines
• revenue from charges to customers for individual services, e.g.,
photocopying and printing facilities
• sponsorship from external organisations
• lottery funds for specific initiatives.
2.4.3 資金的來源
為公共圖書館提供資金的來源有多方面，但是每一方面賡的多少卻因各個國家的地方因素不同而 。
主要資金的來源有：
地方、地區或者是中央級別的稅收；
中央、地區或者是地方上的固定資金。
次要的資金來源可包括：
基金會或私人的捐助；
商業活動的收入，如出版、圖書銷售、藝術作品和工藝品的銷售；
用戶費用的收入，如罰款；
為用戶提供個人服務項目的收入，如提供複印、打印等；
館外機構贊助；
特別發行的彩票收入。
主要來源：稅收、補助
次要來源：捐款、賣書、收錢
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Meeting the needs of the customers 滿足使用者需求
The services of the public library are provided on the basis of
equality of access for all, regardless of age, race, sex, religion, nationality,
language or social status.
To ensure nation wide library coordination and cooperation,
legislation and strategic plans must also define and promote a national
library network based on agreed standards of service.
The public library network must be designed in relation to national,
regional, research and special libraries as well as libraries in
schools, colleges and universities.
Services have to be physically accessible to all members of the
community. This requires well situated library buildings, good reading
and study facilities, as well as relevant technologies and sufficient
opening hours convenient to the users. It equally implies outreach
services for those unable to visit the library.
The library services must be adapted to the different needs of
communities in rural and urban areas.
每一個人都有平等享受公共圖書館服務的權利，而不受年齡、種族、性別、宗教信仰、語言、或社會地位的限制。
為保證全國圖書館的協調與合作，圖書館立法和戰略計畫還必須確定並促進建謻一個基於同一服務標準的全國圖書館網路。
公共圖書館網路的設計必須考慮到與國家圖書館、區域圖書館、研究圖書館、和專門圖書館以及大中小學圖書館之間的關係。
為了使社區的每一個成員都能確實獲得圖書館服務，需要有理想的館舍環境，良好的閱讀和學習設施，合適的技術與充足方便晦開館時間，還包括對不能到館的用戶提供館外服務。
圖書館服孜必須適合鄉村和城市社區的不同需求。
3.1 Introduction
To be successful in fulfilling its goals the public library service must be
fully accessible to all its customers. Customer is the term used primarily
throughout the Guidelines (just as user, patron or client might be) to
optimise consideration of public library non-users as potential customers.
Also implicit in the term customer, individuals have expressed
wants and needs to be identifed and met.
Customers ultimately have the choice of participating in public library
service offered – or not. Therefore, any limitation of access, whether
deliberate or accidental, will reduce the ability of the public library to
fully achieve its primary mission and role of meeting the library and information
needs of the community served. The following are important
elements in delivering an effective public library service:
• identifying potential customers
• analysing customers’ needs
• developing services to groups and individuals
• introducing customer care policies
• promoting library use education
• co-operating and sharing resources
• developing electronic networks
• ensuring access to services
• providing library buildings.
3.1 導論
為了態成功達到目標，公共圖書館的服務必須完全對所有可能的用戶開放。任何雰式的限制利用，不論是有意的還是無意的，都將會降低公共圖書館發揮其主要作用的能力，這個作用就是滿足其所痔社區對圖書館和信息的需求。以下各方面是提供有效公共圖書館服務的重要因素：
提供圖書館有效果服務的方法
-識別潛在的用戶
-分析用戶需求
-制訂團體和個人服務項目
-秉詛關心用白政策
-促進用戶教育
-合作與共享資源
-發展電子網絡
-確保服務的利用
-提供圖書館建築設施
單字：
legislation 立法/法律
finance 財政/財務
component 成分/零件
strategy 策略
沒有留言:
張貼留言